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In development. RKP-2 (Off-Chain) is a feature under development and is not available yet. This page describes the intended design, which may change before release.

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Overview

RKP-2 (Off-Chain) is ROOTKey’s high-performance data processing protocol. Data is processed and stored off-chain through ROOTKey’s infrastructure, and each operation produces an off-chain integrity record - a SHA-256 hash of the payload with its timestamp and identifiers. Nothing is written to a blockchain. The result is near real-time API response times with hash-based integrity verification. Verification compares a fresh hash of the data against the integrity record held by ROOTKey. This protocol is designed for high-frequency write workloads, IoT and sensor data, operational telemetry, and any scenario where throughput and cost efficiency are primary constraints, but cryptographic integrity remains non-negotiable. When some records need independently verifiable on-chain evidence, use RKP-3 (Hybrid) or RKP-1 (Full On-Chain).

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Architecture Overview

The API returns a response as soon as off-chain processing completes. There is no blockchain confirmation in the write path, so latency is not tied to block times or network fees. Each integrity record includes:
  • SHA-256 hash of the data payload
  • Timestamp of the operation
  • Asset and operation identifiers
Integrity verification is performed by re-hashing the stored data and comparing it against the integrity record.

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Validation Capabilities

Verification requires the original data asset and its integrity record. A party holding the data can confirm its integrity by recomputing the hash and comparing it to the record - but, unlike RKP-1 and RKP-3, the record is held by ROOTKey rather than on a public ledger.

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Strengths

  • High throughput - designed for large-scale, high-frequency write workloads
  • Near real-time response - no blockchain confirmation in the write path
  • Lowest cost per operation - no gas fees, since nothing is written on-chain
  • GDPR erasure compatibility - all data is off-chain and can be deleted
  • Scalable to IoT scale - supports high-volume sensor and device data pipelines

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Weaknesses

  • No on-chain evidence - there is no public-ledger record; verification relies on the ROOTKey integrity record rather than on a decentralised source of trust
  • Verification requires original data - third-party verification needs both the data and access to the integrity record
  • Storage dependency - verification depends on the availability of the off-chain integrity record

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Typical Use Cases

Industrial IoT and Sensor Networks

High-frequency telemetry from sensors, PLCs, and connected devices - integrity-protected at volume without per-record blockchain costs.

Operational Telemetry and Monitoring

Real-time operational logs, system events, and monitoring streams requiring tamper-evident archiving at scale.

Healthcare Data Pipelines

Patient records, diagnostic data, and clinical trial logs where volume is high, integrity is mandatory, and GDPR compliance requires erasure capability.

Energy and Utility Metering

Smart meter readings, grid event logs, and consumption records for regulatory reporting and dispute resolution.

Logistics and Fleet Tracking

GPS events, custody transfers, and condition monitoring data for perishable or high-value cargo.

Bulk Document Archiving

Large-volume document archiving for regulated industries where every record requires integrity evidence but full on-chain costs are prohibitive.

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Compliance Alignment

ROOTKey is actively pursuing NIS2 alignment and ISO 27001 certification. Contact us at [email protected] for the current compliance posture and available documentation.

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